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@pagefooting(immediate, left "@c<Technical Report 1996>",
center "@c<Computer Science>",
right "@c<Carnegie Mellon>")
@heading(Believable Social and Emotional Agents)
@heading(CMU-CS-96-138)
@center(@b(William Scott Neal Reilly))
@center(May 1996 - Ph.D. Thesis)
@center(FTP: CMU-CS-96-138.ps)
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One of the key steps in creating quality interactive drama is the
ability to create quality interactive characters (or believable 
agents).  Two important aspects of such characters will be that they 
appear emotional and that they can engage in social interactions.  My
basic approach to these problems has been to use a broad agent
architecture and minimal amounts of modeling of other agent in the
environment.  This approach is based on an understanding of the artistic
nature of the problem.

To enable agent-builders (artists) to create emotional agents, I provide
a general framework for building emotional agents, default emotion-processing
rules, and discussion about how to create quality, emotional characters.
My framework gets a lot of its power from being part of a broad agent
architecture.  The concept is simple: the agent will be emotionally
richer if there are more things to have emotions about and more ways to
express them.  This reliance on breadth has also meant that I have been able
to create simple emotion models that rely on perception and motivation
instead of deep modeling of other agents and complex cognitive processing.

To enable agent builders to create social behaviors for believable
agents, I have designed a methodology that provides heuristics for
incorporating personality into social behaviors and suggests how to model
other agents in the environment.   I propose an approach to modeling other
agents that calls for limiting the amount of modeling of other agents to
that which is sufficient to create the desired behavior.  Using this
technique, I have been able to build robust social behaviors that use
surprisingly little representation.  I have used this methodology to build
a number of social behaviors, like negotiation and making friends.

I have built three simulations containing seven agents to drive and
test this work.  I have also conducted user studies to demonstrate that 
these agents appear to be emotional and can engage in non-trivial social
interactions while also being good characters with distinct personalities.

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@b(Keywords:@ )@c<Artificial intelligence, interactive art, interactive drama,
interactive entertainment, interactive fiction, believable agents, emotional
agents, social agents, interactive characters, Oz, Tok, Em, agent
architectures, autonomous agents, social behaviors, agent modeling,
personality.>
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@end(text)
@flushright(@b[(301 pages)])